Indonesia’s Nuclear Ambitions: A Challenge of Values, Not Just Technology
Indonesia’s pursuit of nuclear energy has garnered renewed interest, a journey that traces back to the 1950s. Recent discussions have gravitated towards thorium-based reactors and small modular reactors (SMRs), sparked by partnerships with firms like ThorCon and NuScale. However, while the technological potential is evident, a deeper concern emerges: the country’s institutional and ethical preparedness to handle nuclear power.
A comprehensive analysis reveals that Indonesia’s nuclear decisions are influenced more by underlying values than technical capabilities. Despite the existence of trained nuclear engineers and a significant push for nuclear development, corruption and weak regulatory frameworks pose serious risks. Transparency International ranks Indonesia at 99th of 180 countries in its Corruption Perceptions Index, underscoring the vulnerability of its institutions.
Nuclear energy demands strict adherence to protocols and an unwavering safety culture, which Indonesia struggles to maintain. Current procurement practices and regulatory norms reflect a troubling tolerance for ambiguity and discretionary governance—factors that can lead to catastrophic outcomes in nuclear operations. The integrity of oversight bodies like Bapeten is compromised by the broader political environment.
Financial barriers also complicate the nuclear landscape. The weakened rupiah and limited state budget allocations further constrain Indonesia’s ability to invest in high-risk projects. Social programs, though vital, further limit fiscal space for nuclear energy initiatives.
Ultimately, proponents of nuclear energy must recognize that its success hinges on institutional ethics, not merely technical prowess. To ensure a safe nuclear future, Indonesia must confront these fundamental issues, as the risks at stake are as much political and moral as they are technical. Without a stable and trustworthy framework, the vision of nuclear energy remains uncertain—echoing the essential question: Are Indonesia’s values aligned with its nuclear ambitions?
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